Necessity of Entrepreneurship Program in Maritime Education in Bangladesh
Entrepreneurship is often pictured as launching a new business to make a profit. Entrepreneurs have the potential to become thought leaders in their respective fields, which can be a natural outcome. Nowadays, more self-motivated people want to shape their future and become independent professionally. Entrepreneurship programs in higher education can improve people’s lives and create high job satisfaction. Increased wages and a decline in unemployment are linked to greater success levels in entrepreneurship education. To produce more young entrepreneurs in the future, numerous universities worldwide are currently enhancing their entrepreneurship education curricula. This type of educational program is constantly being examined to
ensure its structure meets the outside world's demands. Though entrepreneurship programs are incorporated in most reputed universities, such programs are still not prominent in maritime education. The present study uses a survey-based technique to determine the necessity of entrepreneurship programs in maritime education in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that maritime professionals and students feel that entrepreneurship programs should be introduced in maritime education in Bangladesh to shape the future of the maritime industry.
Abundance, Composition, Spatial Distribution and Management Practices of Marine Litter Along the Bay of Bengal Coast of Bangladesh
This study provides an assessment and characterization of marine litter pollution among various beaches of the Bay of Bengal coastline of Bangladesh, through standardized surveys. The data suggests that marine litter density was greatest in areas where anthropogenic activity was highest, such as Cox’s Bazar (a popular tourist attraction) and Chittagong (second largest urban concentration in the country). The majority of collected litter originated from domestic and recreational sources, indicating that marine litter pollution is of local origin instead of being washed ashore through ocean current deposition; as well as further emphasizing the pattern of increasing marine litter pollution with increasing human presence. Plastic, polystyrene, and paper and cardboard litter was present among all sites surveyed, with plastic dominating in abundance. Limited beach cleaning activities were being conducted
among the beaches surveyed, and marine litter management programmes were also limited. Recommendations include the provisioning of increased numbers of refuse bins, the development of long-term monitoring programmes on the coastlines as well as along marine litter source pathways, reviewing the “National Municipal Solid Waste Management” program, and the development of a National Marine Litter Policy to reduce and control marine litter pollution along the shores of Bangladesh. The application of these recommendations are likely to contribute to regional and global initiatives such as the upcoming Global Plastics Treaty.
Lead Concentration in Commercially Valuable Fish Species from Hatiya Island, Bangladesh
This investigation was carried out to determine lead (Pb) contamination and the potential human health risk from this contamination of five commercially valuable fish species collected from Hatiya Island at the river mouth of the Meghna River. The concentration of Pb was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Moreover, Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) were used to determine the human health risk of Pb. The highest concentration of lead was found in Pangas (Pangasius pangasius) (2.87 mg/kg), followed by Loitta (Harpadon nehereus) (2.72 mg/kg), Bata (Cirrhinus reba) (2.47 mg/kg), Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) (2.14 mg/kg) and Poa (Otolithoides pama) (1.81 mg/kg). Based on the findings, Pb accumulation was found highest in Pangas fish collected from the Island. The average concentration of Pb was higher in the brackish water fishes than in the freshwater fishes. In addition, comparative studies revealed that the amount of Pb found in the samples was much higher than the recommended values, and similarity was found with the previous studies conducted in the Meghna River estuary. However, potential health risks were found higher for children from the assessment. This study ranked the concentration of Pb among five different fishes as follows: Pangasius pangasius > Harpadon nehereus > Cirrhinus reba > Oreochromis mossambicus > Otolithoides pama. EDI, THQ, and CR revealed that Pb levels were significantly elevated, posing substantial risks to human health., the condition was not yet concerning for any age group. However, EDI, THQ, and CR all suggested that the threat due to Pb was not concerning yet.
Read moreClimate Change Triggered Livelihood Vulnerability of Small-scale Fishermen along the Coastal Belt of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
The ability to adapt is related to the significant effects that climate-related disasters have on people's livelihoods in Cox's Bazar and other coastal areas of south-eastern Bangladesh. Small-scale fishery-based households are especially susceptible to climate change and natural disasters. However, this topic hasn't gotten much in-depth consideration in this area. The exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capability that regulate the livelihood vulnerability to climate-triggered catastrophes in Cox's Bazar coast were thus investigated. A number of 100 households were surveyed from the five distinct small-scale fishermen community (i.e., Chowfoldandy, Khurushkul, Nuniachara, Doria Nagar, and Monkhali) along Cox’s Bazar coast. The data were processed and index to find the livelihood vulnerability index according to IPCC. Overall livelihood vulnerability score was 0.47 that denotes moderate vulnerability to climate variability. The exposure was found moderate of which sensitivity was found low. However, a moderate adaptive capacity was observed in the study area that may compensate livelihood vulnerability in some extent. A cooperative interaction between government organizations and the community could result in fresh insights on strategies for reducing climate risk, the cost-effective adoption of creative adaptation solutions, social inclusion, and empowerment in terms of opportunities for livelihood.
Read moreIntegrating Climate Change in Coastal and Maritime Tourism Development in Bangladesh
Coastal and marine environment is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Bangladesh. One of the main reasons for this popularity is that the world’s longest sea beach and the largest mangrove forest are located here. Coastal and maritime tourism (CMT), therefore, is a major domain of tourism sector of Bangladesh. However, CMT is projected as one of the most vulnerable tourism domains to climate change. In fact, climate change poses a huge risk to entire coastal areas of Bangladesh due to its geographical location and geo morphological characteristics. Therefore, integrating climate change in CMT development in Bangladesh is indispensable. This study identifies rich CMT resources of Bangladesh and explores how the global climate change is affecting them. Coastal erosion, inundation of land, loss of biodiversity, coral bleaching, and salinity intrusion are recognized as significant impacts of global climate change on CMT sector of Bangladesh. The study also suggests some adaptation strategies to address these impacts that would help the government, tourism industry and coastal communities in harnessing the coping strategies towards global climate change.
Read moreLessons, Challenges, and Sustainable Futures from a Comparative Analysis of Marine Spatial Planning Strategies in Bangladesh
This review study examines Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) in Bangladesh, examining unique methodologies and obstacles. Bangladesh, located in the Bay of Bengal, has experienced a growing significance of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) due to its reliance on coastal fisheries, agriculture, and aquaculture. Bangladesh has achieved significant progress in implementing Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) by employing a comprehensive policy framework, engaging relevant stakeholders, and utilizing illustrative case studies despite facing challenges such as data shortages, specific institutional frameworks, and climatic sensitivity. This analysis elucidates the shared focus on ecosystem-based management, stakeholder engagement, and climate resilience. Lessons highlight the need to employ context-specific methodologies and promote data sharing and capacity development. Recommendations strongly support the ongoing emphasis on these facets and promoting trans boundary collaboration. The potential for achieving resilient and sustainable marine futures amidst changing global dynamics is promising through collaborative endeavors among Bangladesh and other Asian nations and active regional involvement.
Read moreRainfall Variation Between Day and Night: A Case Study at Around the Patenga Sea Coast, Bangladesh
In this study, 3-hourly rainfall data of 10 years (2008-2017) were analyzed to have a clear insight of rainfall variation between day and night around the Patenga coastal area of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted to examine the variation between day and night, to detect the time when rainfall is minimum and maximum, and ARIMA model, which stands for Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average, was applied to predict the highest and the lowest future trend of rainfall. The study revealed that midnight rainfall dominated the study area with a maximum rain at late night, precisely 3 AM. Contrary to this, comparatively lower rainfall was observed at day-time with the least rain around 3 PM. However, trend analysis depicted a significant downward trend of rainfall midnight, though it was one of the most maximum rainfall hours. Moreover, the ARIMA model predicted a 3 AM and 3 PM forecast for 2018-2027, where +11.85 mm rainfall per year for 3 AM and +0.52 mm per year for 3 PM were predicted.
Read moreLanguage Barriers, Miscommunication and Marine Accidents
With the exponential growth in international trade and commerce in recent decades, the number of goods transported by ships has increased. To overcome the scarcity of seafarers and minimize the cost of recruitment, shipping companies have been employing foreign crews, but such recruitments, although inevitable, cause many marine accidents due to language barriers and miscommunication in multilingual and multicultural ship environments. Taking metadata from both academic and non-academic sources and applying analytical methodologies, this review article analyzes marine accident reports to ascertain the influence of language barriers and miscommunication on the causes of the incidents. In addition, factors influencing miscommunication have been identified and risk of miscommunication was assessed qualitatively alongside giving suggestions so as to lessen language barriers and risk of miscommunication.
Read moreSpatial Distribution of Physicochemical Parameters for Quality of Coastal Seawater at Saint Martin's Island, Bangladesh
Bangladesh, a nation situated on the Bay of Bengal's northern shore, is endowed with an abundance of natural resources. Saint Martin's Island is only coral-bearing island in Bangladesh Although marine biodiversity of this island is extremely rich due to its ideal habitat, but for natural disasters, many forms of pollution, and other man made activities, the marine ecosystem is always under threat. As a result, it is crucial to understand the current physicochemical status of the seas surrounding the island. In this study, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation Method was applied to calculate the value of physicochemical parameters at un sampled locations within the scope of the point observations during dry seasons. Coastal seawater samples were collected from nine sampling stations and further analyzed to monitor the spatial distribution of seawater quality through the measurement of physicochemical parameters: pH, temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), density, dissolved oxygen (DO), viscosity, turbidity and refractive index using different methods. Correlation analysis of the spatial distribution of different parameters showed strong correlations between the parameters. The spatial distribution of concentration nutrients such as nitrate (NO3−) and phosphate (PO43−) were also observed to be critical indicators of seawater quality throughout the surrounding of the island. From the analysis of interpolated distribution of various seawater quality parameters along with concentration of nutrients, it was found that the seawater quality parameters during the sampling season were within the standard limit of characteristics of the seawater. In other words, it was further revealed that TDS, density, viscosity, refractive index, salinity, EC and DO significantly higher than that of permissible limit of drinking water recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) but well in standard in case of permissible limit of seawater. Thus, seawater quality parameters in the coastal area varied on spatial scales and these results may serve as baseline information for coastal management, specifically for the Saint Martin's Island.
Read moreFinancial and Cost Accounting Practices of the Shipbuilding Industry of Bangladesh
The government of Bangladesh is providing various financial incentives like reduced tax rates, lower import duties, and export subsidies to the shipbuilding industry of the country. Financial soundness along with a growing domestic market, competitiveness for the international small vessel segment, availability of skilled engineers and workers, and availability of shipbuilding cluster are necessary for the next step development of the shipbuilding industry. The aim of this study is to explore the current financial and cost accounting practices, identify the relationship among the variables, and find out the significance of the factors that affect the current financial and cost accounting practices of the shipbuilding industry of Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis, and a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)-BWM have been applied to analyze the data. The study shows that there is a positive perception among professionals regarding the expert knowledge of qualified
accountants and the application of cost and management accounting. It also reveals that the relationship between the ACC and QFA, IC and CFR are significantly highly positive on the other hand the CMA and QCA, MCC and MPV are also highly and moderately positive respectively. The result of this study suggests increasing the qualification of financial and cost accountants so as to increase the accuracy of financial reporting that affects the potential investors’ perception of the industry.
Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Utilizing Inland Waterways Transportation in Bangladesh
In today’s world, tourism is gaining popularity very rapidly, both domestically and internationally. In Bangladesh also, buoyed by the economic growth and uprising living standards, the number of tourists has been increasing significantly every year. However, there is very scant involvement of maritime transportation sector in it, although the majority of tourism attractions and resources are situated along coastal area and river banks of the country. Cruise and passenger shipping have enormous contribution in tourism sector worldwide. Yet, it is a kind of untapped market in Bangladesh’s scenario. This study aims to find the opportunities and challenges to integrate water-based transportation sector in mainstream tourism industry of Bangladesh and the possible
strategies in achieving it. To achieve this goal, the research is developed focusing on the popular and potential marine tourism destinations and activities within Bangladesh, keeping in mind the waterways connectivity of these places with major cities. A survey would be conducted to analyze public perception and interest in maritime tourism. The study has identified a number of challenges for the development of maritime tourism sector, key challenges being inadequate navigational facilities and infrastructure and lack of diversity in tourism products and destinations. To mitigate the challenges, few prospective tourism attractions with possible IWT routes have been proposed. Recommendations such as introduction of diverse tourism activities, ways to improve navigability and infrastructure, ensuring hassle-free one stop service for tourists have been discussed, on the basis of secondary data and the conducted survey.
Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones (Amendment) Act, 2021: An In-Depth Analysis and Overview
The Bangladesh Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones (Amendment) Act, 2021 is a prominent piece of legislation that establishes and controls Bangladesh's maritime borders. The legislative act grants the country the power to assert jurisdiction over the investigation, utilization, and preservation of resources inside its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The act of legislation described above serves to protect the sovereign rights of the nation within its territorial waters and marine zones, establishing a clearly defined legal framework for the exercise of its authority in these areas. Furthermore, the legislative act serves to promote the progress of sustainable development within the maritime sector by enacting methods that discourage illicit activities such as maritime
piracy, smuggling, and illegal fishing. The enactment of the Act has effectively safeguarded the maritime environment of Bangladesh and facilitated the advancement of sustainable development of maritime resources. This comprehensive study aims to thoroughly examine the various aspects of the aforementioned statute, delving into its consequences, applicability, and impact on the academic field of marine studies. Extensive research will be done to investigate these dimensions in scads.
Quantifying the Pollutants and their Environmental Impact by Ships Operating on Inland Waterways in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is a riverine country with a vast network of rivers, canals, creeks, and water bodies. In Bangladesh, the river network is thought to be a safe and economical mode of transportation. Near about seventeen thousand different types of registered vessels and numerous unregistered vessels are plying on inland waterways in Bangladesh. However, the large number of vessels operating on the inland waterways makes them particularly susceptible to environmental pollution. By directly disposing of bilges, solid wastes, oily water, and ballast water in addition to the air pollution caused by the operation of
engines and other machineries, inland waterways are becoming polluted. In this article, the number of vessels registered with the Department of Shipping under the Inland Shipping Ordinance-1976 is demonstrated. For the study, four types of vessels such as passenger vessels, cargo vessels, oil tankers, and sand carriers have been taken. Then the quantification of different pollutants by inland shipping operations has been shown. The total discharge of solid waste, oily water, ballast water, and bilges has been estimated through the collection of secondary data from available sources through the usage of basic statistical methods. The impact of pollution by different pollutant components is described in this research. The impact of rising CO2, emission of SOX, and
impacts of different fossil fuels on humans and the ecosystem are described elaborately. Besides, the impacts of oil spills, discharge of bilge & oily-water from inland ships, disposal of ballast water at the waterways, impacts of anti-fouling coatings, and environmental impacts by dredging are discussed as well.